The user you're responding to probably doesn't really understand how kubernetes works, and the trade-offs that the etcd has taken to allow in order to be "distributed".
But you're right. You launch node pretty much anywhere, as long as you have network connectivity (and you don't even need full network connectivity, a couple of tcp ports open are enough).
It's not really recommended (due to latency), but you can also run the control-plane across different regions.
It's not really built to be globally scalable, Mesos was built to be globally scalable. I don't know of any major hosted kubernetes provider that does this.
How so? You can definitely use annotations in nodes and provision them in different regions.